【百家大讲堂】第117期：国际雷达和信号处理（一）

来源：发布日期：2018-10-19

报告题目1：Radar Adaptivity: Antenna Based Signal Processing Techniques

主讲人：Prof. Alfonso Farina, Leonardo（Land & Naval Division Consultant,Italy）

报告题目2：UWB Radar Waveform in a Spectrum Regulated Environment

主讲人：Prof. Mark E. Davis（Independent Consultant,USA）

报告题目3：The G-CLASS Mission Proposal for ESA

主讲人：Prof. Stephen Hobbs （Cranfield University, UK）

报告题目4：Vital Sign Detection and Gait Analysis Using Radar Techniques

主讲人：Prof. Aly E. Fathy （University of Tennessee, USA）

报告题目5：Accurate Electromagnetic Modeling of Electrically Large Scenes - Leveraging Hardware Acceleration

主讲人：Prof. Ozlem Kilic （Catholic University of America, USA）

时间：2018年10月22日（周一）上午9:00-12：00

地点：中关村校区中心教学楼1楼报告厅

主办单位：研究生院、信息与电子学院

【报告1】

主讲人简介：

Alfonso FARINA, LFIEEE, FIET, FREng, Fellow of EURASIP, received the degree in Electronic Engineering from the University of Rome (IT) in 1973. In 1974, he joined Selenia, then Selex ES, where he became Director of the Analysis of Integrated Systems Unit and subsequently Director of Engineering of the Large Business Systems Division. In 2012, he was Senior VP and Chief Technology Officer of the company, reporting directly to the President. From 2013 to 2014, he was senior advisor to the CTO. He retired in October 2014. From 1979 to 1985, he was also professor of “Radar Techniques” at the University of Naples (IT). He is the author of more than 800 peer-reviewed technical publications and of books and monographs (published worldwide), some of them also translated in to Russian and Chinese.

Some of the most significant awards he’s received include:

(2004) Leader of the team that won the First Prize of the first edition of the Finmeccanica Award for Innovation Technology, out of more than 330 submitted projects by the Companies of Finmeccanica Group;

(2005) International Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, U.K., and the fellowship was presented to him by HRH Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh;

(2010) IEEE Dennis J. Picard Medal for Radar Technologies and Applications for “Continuous, Innovative, Theoretical, and Practical Contributions to Radar Systems and Adaptive Signal Processing Techniques”;

(2012) Oscar Masi award for the AULOS® “green” radar by the Italian Industrial Research Association (AIRI);

(2014) IET Achievement Medal for “Outstanding contributions to radar system design, signal, data and image processing, and data fusion”. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London (UCL), Dept. Electronic and Electrical Engineering, CTIF (Center for TeleInFrastructures) Industry Advisory Chair, and a Distinguished Lecturer (DL) of IEEE AESS.

(2017) IEEE SPS Industrial Leader Award for contributions to radar array processing and industrial leadership.

(2017) Chair of Italy Section Chapter, AES10.

(Jan 2018-Dec2019) IEEE Signal Processing Society 2018, Distinguished Industry Lecturer.

(Jan 2019-Dec 2021) Member of the IEEE AESS BoG.

Main received best paper awards:

B. Carlton of IEEE – Trans. on AES (2001, 2003, and 2013), IET – Proc. on Radar Sonar and Nav. (2009-2010) and Int. Conf. on Fusion (2004, 2009).
(2018) Associate Editor, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

(2018-2019) Visiting professor at Cranfield University, UK.

He is consultant to Leonardo S.p.A. “Land & Naval Defence Electronics Division”, Rome (I).

摘要：

The lecture will develop along the topics of the beginning of RADAR, its operational needs, side lobe blanking and cancellation techniques, adaptive antennas arrays, practical examples of adaptivity for ground based radar, Space Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) for airborne radar, KB (Knowledge-Based) STAP, STAP for OTH (Over-The-Horizon), and eventually passive coherent location, ending with conclusions and the way ahead in this area.

【报告2】

主讲人简介：

Dr. Mark E Davis has over 50 years’ experience in Radar technology and systems development. He has held senior management positions in the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Air Force Research Laboratory, and General Electric Aerospace. At DARPA, he was the program manager on both the foliage penetration (FOPEN) radar advanced development program and the GeoSAR foliage penetration mapping radar. Dr. Davis wrote the text: Foliage Penetration Radar – Detection and Characterization of Objects Under Trees, published by Scitech Raleigh NC in March 2011,

His education includes a PhD in Physics from The Ohio State University, and Bachelor and Master’s Degrees in Electrical Engineering from Syracuse University. He is a Life Fellow of both the IEEE and Military Sensing Symposia, and a member of the IEEE Aerospace Electronics Systems Society Board of Governors, VP Conferences, and past-Chair the Radar Systems Panel. He is the 2011 recipient of the AESS Warren D White Award for Excellence in Radar Engineering, and the 2018 IEEE Dennis J. Pickard Medal for Radar Technologies and Applications.

摘要：

Ultra Wide Band (UWB) radars are employed for detecting and classifying man-made objects in the presence of severe clutter. The requirements for fine range and cross-range resolution demand long integration times and very wideband operation. When these systems are operated in or near urban regions, radio frequency (RF) spectrum regulation requires severe avoidance of radio frequency transmission.

Research in adaptive RF waveform transmission has provided satisfactory system operation in many geographic regions. These UWB waveforms are satisfactory; as long as the waveform has less than 30 percent notching. However, recent regulatory demands for RF frequency avoidance has exceeded 50 percent of the bandwidth near populated regions.

This lecture will summarize the waveform notching techniques for UHF radar systems. Quantitative results will be given for UWB radar operation in remote and urban regions, including image quality and resolution. Suggestions for improving these waveforms, as well as future research in sparse frequency operation will be presented.

【报告3】

主讲人简介：

Dr Hobbs leads Cranfield University’s Space Group. Cranfield is a leading UK university for space engineering and runs the MSc in Astronautics and Space Engineering. Dr Hobbs’ training is in physics and mathematics (at Cambridge University), and he has worked in instrumentation, data processing and system engineering for projects ranging from the aerodynamic performance of kites and insect migration to space debris mitigation. His research has included radar system design and applications for the last 30 years and he is one of the leading European experts for geosynchronous radar. He works with Beijing Institute of Technology as a “111 program scholar” in this area; his first visit to China was in 2007. Dr Hobbs leads the G-CLASS science team proposing a geosynchronous radar for development in Europe.

摘要：

G-CLASS (Geosynchronous Continental Land-Atmosphere Sensing System) is a mission proposed to ESA for Earth Explorer 10. Its scientific goal is to observe and improve understanding of the diurnal water cycle, with a particular focus on low to mid-latitude regions such as the Mediterranean and Africa.

G-CLASS proposes a C-band radar in geosynchronous orbit, with a typical speed relative to Earth of 20-30 m s-1 (inclination around 0.4°). A 7m diameter antenna is assumed, with a linear array of feed-horns and compact polarimetry (transmit circular polarisation, receive coherent H and V polarisations). The feed-horns provide over-lapping spot beams (aligned north-south) which are swept east-west by slewing the whole spacecraft. Since reaction wheels control pointing and the whole of Africa-Europe is always in view, the coverage can be programmed freely, almost completely independently of the orbit.

G-CLASS will provide data for meteorology, hydrology, solid Earth and mountain cryosphere science. Changes in vertically integrated atmospheric humidity at 1 km every 15 min could improve forecasts of intense storms. Changes in soil moisture during a day will be imaged, which could improve water resource management, especially in data-poor regions such as Africa. In mountain regions, we expect to see changes over hours in snow cover and water content, with benefits for downstream water management. Interferometry will allow us to see ground motion (due to landslides, earthquakes, volcanoes) which could transform geohazard monitoring into a near-real-time service.

ESA has chosen three mission concepts (including G-CLASS) for phase 0 studies, and over the next four years a single mission will be chosen from these three candidates for launch in 2027-28. The G-CLASS team is working to consolidate the science case and develop supporting research. We are excited by this opportunity and believe that G-CLASS has real strengths to justify its full development.

【报告4】

主讲人简介：

Aly E. Fathy (S’82–M’84–SM’92–F’04) received the B.S.E.E. degree, B.S. degree in pure and applied mathematics, and M.S.E.E. degree from Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, in 1975, 1979, and 1980, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from the Polytechnic Institute of New York, Brooklyn, in 1984. In February 1985, he joined the RCA Research Laboratory (Sarnoff)/ (currently SRI International), Princeton, NJ, as a Member of the Technical Staff. In 2001, he became a Senior Member of the Technical Staff. While with the Sarnoff Corporation, he was engaged in the research and development of various enabling technologies such as high-Tc superconductors, low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC), and reconfigurable holographic antennas. He was also an Adjunct Professor with the Cooper Union School of Engineering, New York, NY. In August 2003, he joined the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, currently he is a Professor and head of the antenna labs. He has authored or coauthored numerous transactions and conference papers. He holds 12 U.S. patents.

His current research interests include DBS Antennas, wireless reconfigurable antennas, see-through walls, UWB systems, and high-efficiency high-linearity combining of digital signals for base-station amplifiers. He has developed various microwave components/subsystems such as holographic reconfigurable antennas, radial combiners, direct broadcast antennas (DBSs), speed sensors, and low-temperature co-fired ceramic packages for mixed-signal applications. Dr. Fathy is a member of Sigma Xi and Eta Kappa Nu. He is an active member of the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (IEEE MTT-S) International Microwave Symposium (IMS) Technical Program Committee (TPC), the IEEE Antenna and Propagation Symposium, and the IEEE Radio and Wireless Steering Committee. He was the general chair of the 2008 IEEE Radio Wireless Conference.

He was the recipient of five Sarnoff Outstanding Achievement Awards (1988, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1999), Gonzalez family research excellence award (2005), two research excellence awards from the College of Engineering, University of Tennessee (2009, 2011), Lamar Alexander Chancellor’s Excellence Award in superior teaching and scholarship in 2011, research and creative achievement award in 2013, and in 2014 he was recognized by the Excellence in Graduate Mentoring and Advising award. Aly is a fellow of IEEE society.

摘要：

There is a need for non-contact measurements of vital signs. Various radar types have been utilized in accurately detecting heart rate and respiration rate. Our group has collaborated with BIT to investigate the use of UWB and SFCW radars for vital sign detection and even in comparing results to optical techniques.

UTK has been very active too in tracking human motions using various types of radars. Obviously, a full understanding of normal motion from human limb joint trajectory tracking could be essential to develop and establish a scientific basis for correcting any abnormalities. Practicality of using continuous wave (CW) radars, being simple and low cost, has been successfully investigated for non-contact gait monitoring, but it is still challenging to identify the motions of different limb joints. CW proposed technique has been successful in extracting lower body parts while the whole body is in motion, however it is still hard to clearly extract upper body parts like swinging hands. Meanwhile, encouraging preliminary results of both SFCW and UWB radars to track such motions have been pursued, and will be discussed in this talk as well.

【报告5】

主讲人简介：

Ozlem Kilic received her D.Sc. and M.S. degrees from the George Washington University, Washington, DC in 1991 and 1996, respectively, and B.S. degree from the Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey in 1989, all in electrical engineering. She joined the Catholic University of America in 2005, where she is currently serving as the department chair. Prior to that, she was an Electronics Engineer at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi MD, where she managed Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Programs for the development of hybrid numerical electromagnetic tools. Dr. Kilic has over five years of industry experience at COMSAT Laboratories as a Senior Member of the Technical Staff and a Program Manager with specialization in satellite communications, link modeling and analysis, and phased arrays and reflector antennas for satellite communications system. Her research interests include antennas, wave propagation, satellite communications, numerical electromagnetics, and microwave remote sensing. She has been serving in leadership positions in a number of organizations such as IEEE AP-S, USNC URSI and ACES and has wide range of experience in education, membership development, technical committees, government/industry interface, program management.

摘要：

The ability to analyze radiation and scattering properties of objects in nature, or devices in their operational environment has long been of interest to researchers in the antennas and propagation community. While the fundamentals of electromagnetics have not changed since Maxwell, the field experienced significant transformation over the last few decades as computing power improved in an accelerated fashion and became mainstream technology. Numerical techniques started picking momentum, and competing with analytical or asymptotical solutions, which were dependent on the specific shape of the object under investigation. As the computing platforms shrunk in size while they became more powerful, personal computers became capable of solving larger problems. Lately, we have at our fingertips high performance computer clusters, which are accelerated further by the processing speed of GPUs. Other platforms such as FPGAs are also finding their place, albeit slowly, due to cost and the more challenging interface users need to deal with as opposed to the more intuitive GPUs. The talk will present an overview of progress, and project what to expect for future. Examples of the hardware acceleration applications of electromagnetics research will be shown both from Catholic University and other pioneers in the field.